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Mass production introduced household conveniences, which allowed more leisure time for middle class women. Educational opportunities expanded and a new generation of college graduates sought fulfillment in the world outside the home. However, women...
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The Progressive Era Crash Course Us History 27 Worksheet S
Hull House provided an opportunity for these women to achieve personal satisfaction. Located in the center of an immigrant neighborhood, Hull House provided many services to the surrounding community. Its social workers offered classes and operated a gymnasium, playground, theater, and cooperative boarding house. Many women worked at Hull House, some remaining for several years, others staying a few years before leaving to get married. Similar communities, mostly run by women, sprang up all over the country. Living in urban, immigrant communities they came to realize that the complex problems they were dealing with transcended local solutions.
Origins of the Progressive Era
They became social reformers and championed legislation to end child labor, improve working conditions, address the problems of the cities, and support immigrants. Hull House became a center where reformers and radicals of every persuasion went to discuss their ideas. Labor agitators, anarchists and socialists visited Hull House, and free expression made it one of the intellectual centers of the Progressive Era. She subsequently became the first factory inspector in the state. The League included both working class and middle class women who supported unionization. Julia Lathrop campaigned against child labor and pushed for a government agency to deal with the matter. Lathrop became its first administrator and filled her staff with graduates of Hull House. She supported an independent nursing profession and a public health service. They finally achieved their goal with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in Nevertheless, the movement remained largely segregated because white women feared alienating the South and many shared the prejudicial attitudes of the time.
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Wells-Barnett founded the first African American women suffrage organization, and both she and Terrell worked hard to gain support for the amendment. Catt was president from , when she resigned to care for her ill husband. Anna Howard Shaw, an ordained Methodist minister and gifted orator, took over from Although Shaw worked hard, she was not an efficient administrator, and the NAWSA lost momentum during her term of office. The movement was revitalized through formation of the Congressional Union in Alice Paul and Lucy Burns spearheaded the change, which was influenced by the more radical methods of the British suffrage movement. The new suffragettes picketed the White House and chained themselves to fences. Arrested for their actions, some protested by going on hunger strikes and suffered the ordeal of forced feeding as a result.
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Their tactics and the resulting publicity brought sympathy and renewed interest in the movement. Opponents of the amendment were highly organized and well financed. Businessmen, Southern congressmen, Catholic clergymen and some upper class women were among the groups most strongly opposed. When the amendment came to a vote in the House of Representatives in , everyone knew it would be close. Working as a nurse in the Lower East Side of New York, Sanger witnessed the pain of botched abortions and the suffering associated with unwanted pregnancies. She pushed for the legalization of birth control, and opened the first clinic to advise women on birth control techniques in Her subsequent arrest for violating a federal law against the dissemination of birth control literature brought the movement national attention. Sanger continued the fight, and in she organized the America Birth Control League, which later became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
Progressive Movement
In , Gilman wrote Women and Economics, espousing the view that women would neither reach personal fulfillment nor progress in society until they were free to pursue careers outside of the home. Like-minded women could be found in the Heterodoxy Club of Greenwich Village. In , she spent 15 days in a workhouse for her speech advocating birth control. Usually under police surveillance of some sort, Goldman was arrested for interfering with the draft and sentenced to two years in jail during World War I. Coal mining conditions at the time were deplorable: hours were long, the pay low, and safety features inadequate. The annual death toll from explosions and mine cave-ins alone was tremendous.
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But in the conflict between coal companies and labor organizers, most of the weapons were on one side. When miners went on strike, they were commonly evicted from company housing and spent the remainder of the strike in tent communities. Coal companies hired detectives and mine guards ostensibly to protect their property, but in reality to break the strike. They brought in strike breakers, often new immigrants in search of work. And, they called on willing courts to issue blanket injunctions to prevent almost any union activity.
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Mother Jones was in her eighties when she participated in the West Virginia strike of and the Colorado strike of Both times she was arrested. Two mothers and eleven children died as a result of that attack. Congressional investigations of both strikes criticized the company use of guards and detectives, and cited their brutality as the major factor in the escalation of violence. Founded in , the IWW hoped to form one union composed of workers throughout the world. Since they were refused admittance to company property, they tried to reach the workers at transportation centers. In retaliation, cities of the region passed ordinances prohibiting public speaking on the streets. Flynn and the IWW then led a free speech campaign, some of whose participants were beaten and jailed for violating city laws. Although the IWW failed to organize the lumbermen, it did win a major strike of mill workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in The strike demonstrates the interconnections established among women Progressives.
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But when the children attempted to leave Lawrence, the police attacked parents and children. The resultant publicity generated sympathy for the mill workers, and the company settled. Although the IWW encouraged workers to participate in civil disobedience but not violence, it never could shake its image of radicalism and was constantly under attack. Flynn managed to stay out of jail at the time, but for joining the Communist Party in , she was sentenced to two years in jail under the Smith Act during the s. But her own main efforts were on behalf of the Socialist Party.
Women and the Progressive Movement
Muckrakers The Progressive Era introduced muckraking journalism. Ida Tarbell and Ida Wells-Barnett were examples among women. Although, for the most part, the Progressive Era neglected African Americans, Ida Wells-Barnett became prominent for her attacks on Jim Crow America, black voter disenfranchisement, and lynching.
The Progressive Era
When a mob in Memphis hanged three of her friends, Wells-Barnett began a one-woman crusade to end the practice of lynching that defined the parameters of life for black Americans in the South. She believed her friends were lynched not for the usual reason given of protecting white womanhood, but because they were successfully competing with white store owners in the community. She researched lynchings and published her findings in muckraking journals. With the outbreak of World War I, more women entered the movement as peace groups proliferated and their focus changed. A silent parade of 1, women down Fifth Avenue in New York City in marked the birth of the modern peace movement. They viewed the search for peace as a natural extension of the reform movement.
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In , Lillian Wald and Paul Kellogg, editor of the journal Survey, established the American Union Against Militarists, the foremost opponent of military preparedness. It advocated calling upon neutral countries to mediate peace between the warring nations of Europe, and sent delegates to the International Congress of Women. This Congress proposed the voiding of secret treaties, the nationalization of armament industries, and the end of government protection of overseas investments. During the period of U. Many peace proponents supported the ideals that drew America into the war, and felt the war would bring about a better society both domestically and internationally. Carrie Chapman Catt pulled the suffragettes out of the WPP in , and encouraged women to actively support the war effort in order to help them win the vote.
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Jane Addams and a few other ardent pacifists refused to sanction the war, but remained relatively silent, and Addams worked for the Department of Food Administration directed by Herbert Hoover. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia increased fears of radicalism, and any leftist orientation now became suspect. Overall, the war sounded the death knell of the Progressive Movement as superpatriotism became the order of the day. Despite the changed atmosphere, women re-activated the peace movement after the war ended. Alice Hamilton toured Germany with members of the American Friends Society, and returned home to help organize the first private food shipments to the vanquished nation.
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Conclusion This overview of women in the Progressive Era has provided only a glimpse at how women attempted to reform society and simultaneously change ideas about the role of women at the last turn of the century. The multiple interests of these women reflect various aspects of the social unrest that characterized the period. Helping students to reflect on the perspectives and achievements of women of the Progressive Era can broaden their understanding of gender, race, and class issues during that historical period. The subject also invites comparisons of the position of women then and now, as we stand on the brink of the 21st century. Notes 1. Lela B. Muncy,
Progressive Era
The answer is Occupational realism The idea needs to be easily put into use. Looking at each of these attributes below a maker microscope is an intriguing exercise! And it is not the very first time that children have produced the same concept as adults. Additionally, it has to come from an area that inspires believability. That, however, only prompted the remaining part of the workers to look for assistance from the union.
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This program was expanded many times over the years. The majority of these lesson plans incorporate some level of group work. Along with being informative, it should be interesting. Laws were passed to produce factories safer. It can be that countries besides the USA hold the reply. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, for example, is always a great place to search for teaching ideas. Education has become the most important in our life. Maths is a whole lot more than that, she states. American teachers have the smallest sum of specialist preparation time on the planet. Too frequently, workers were injured at work. One unique fashion in the history of welfare in America were maternalist reforms. Progressives also wished to bring about change at work.
Origins of the Progressive Era | Texas Gateway
By the way, it is not necessarily true that these attributes are almost always pleasant or easy to address. In some instances, these can be the same email account. Finally, as you proceed through these many websites trying to find a lesson plan which you like, you may want to bookmark them in your internet browser.
Progressive Movement. Sixth Grade Social Studies Worksheets and Study Guides.
What are the distinctive characteristics of American society? Diversity in American society. Students should be able to evaluate, take, and defend positions on the value and challenges of diversity in American life. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Explain why conflicts have arisen from diversity, using historical and contemporary examples, e. What is American political culture? The character of American political conflict. Students should be able to describe the character of American political conflict and explain factors that usually prevent violence or that lower its intensity. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Describe political conflict in the United States both historically and at present, such as conflict about Extending the franchise Engaging in wars What are the foundations of the American political system?
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What values and principles are basic to American constitutional democracy? Fundamental values and principles. Students should be able to explain the meaning and importance of the fundamental values and principles of American constitutional democracy. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Identify fundamental values and principles as expressed in Individual and group actions that embody fundamental values and principles, e. Students should be able to evaluate, take, and defend positions on issues concerning ways and means to reduce disparities between American ideals and realities.
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To achieve this standard, students should be able to Describe historical and contemporary efforts to reduce discrepancies between ideals and the reality of American public life, e. How does the American political system provide for choice and opportunities for participation? Political parties, campaigns, and elections. Students should be able to explain how political parties, campaigns, and elections provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process.
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To achieve this standard, students should be able to Describe the role of political parties Associations and groups. Students should be able to explain how interest groups, unions, and professional organizations provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Describe the historical roles of prominent associations and groups in local, state, or national politics, e. How can citizens take part in civic life? Forms of political participation. Students should be able to describe the means by which Americans can monitor and influence politics and government. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Explain how Americans can use the following means to monitor and influence politics and government at local, state, and national levels Joining political parties, interest groups, and other organizations that attempt to influence public policy and elections Describe historical and current examples of citizen movements seeking to promote individual rights and the common good, e.
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Students should be able to explain the importance of political leadership and public service in a constitutional democracy. To achieve this standard, students should be able to Evaluate the role of ''the loyal opposition'' in a constitutional democracy National Content Standards in Economics NCSE Institutions Students will understand that institutions evolve and are created to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
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Banks, labor unions, markets, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind of institution, clearly defined and enforced property rights, is essential to a market economy. Students will be able to use this knowledge to describe the roles of various economic institutions and explain the importance of property rights in a market economy. At the completion of Grade 8, students will use this knowledge to: Read about the establishment of a labor union and explain why it emerged, how it influenced the U. United States History Content Standards Era 4: Expansion and Reform The sources and character of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period. The student understands how Americans strived to reform society and create a distinct culture. The student understands changing gender roles and the ideas and activities of women reformers.
Progressive Era Reformers
Era 6: The Development of the Industrial United States Massive immigration after and how new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity developed amid growing cultural diversity. The student understands "scientific racism", race relations, and the struggle for equal rights. The student understands how new cultural movements at different social levels affected American life.
Muckrakers (article) | The age of empire | Khan Academy
The rise of the American labor movement and how political issues reflected social and economic changes. The student understands the rise of national labor unions and the role of state and federal governments in labor conflicts. The student understands how Americans grappled with social, economic, and political issues.
Muckrakers (article) | The age of empire | Khan Academy
Era 7: The Emergence of Modern America How Progressives and others addressed problems of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and political corruption. The student understands the origin of the Progressives and the coalitions they formed to deal with issues at the local and state levels. The student understands Progressivism at the national level. The student understands the limitations of Progressivism and the alternatives offered by various groups. The student understands how the American role in the world changed in the early 20th century. The student understands the political, economic, and social transformations in the Americas in the 19th century. Select a standard below to view correlations to your selected resource:.
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